Purebred dogs are defined by distinct physical and behavioral traits that make each breed unique and recognizable. These are dictated by breed standards, which The Kennel Club has accredited for almost 150 years in the UK. But a growing debate questions whether these standards are harming dogs more than helping them.
What Are Breed Standards?
Breed standards are detailed descriptions specifying the ideal characteristics of a breed—such as size, shape, coat, color, and even movement. In theory, they help preserve a breed’s history and consistency.
When Standards Go Too Far
The problem lies in how those standards emphasize appearance, sometimes endorsing exaggerated physical traits. Consider these examples:
- Flat Faces: Bulldogs and similar breeds have been bred to have extremely flattened faces, causing lifelong breathing struggles.
- Excess Skin: Bloodhounds and Shar-Peis carry huge folds of skin—beautiful looks that can cause painful infections.
- Tiny Noses, Oversized Eyes: Many show dogs with prominent eyes endure eye damage due to how their heads are shaped.
- Long Bodies with Short Legs: Certain breeds are favored for their strange proportions that put strain on their backs.
When dogs with these exaggerated physical traits are rewarded in shows, it incentivizes breeders to prioritize these looks over health.
How Does This Affect Dogs?
- Difficulty breathing (leading to respiratory distress).
- Chronic joint pain and mobility issues.
- Skin infections and eye problems.
- Increased likelihood of needing surgeries or veterinary intervention.
- Shortened lifespan and diminished quality of life.
The Ethical Dilemma for the Kennel Club
The KC has to balance respecting breeders’ desires, tradition, and public expectations, while also safeguarding animal welfare. Failing to do the latter can result in perpetuating cruelty, even unintentionally.
Steps toward Improvement
- The KC has introduced health testing initiatives like BVA/KC Hip and Elbow Dysplasia schemes.
- Updated breed standards in some cases, discouraging the most extreme features.
- Educational programs urging breeders to breed for health and sound temperament.
Still, many experts call for more radical reform—such as banning breeding of dogs with inherently harmful extremes or allowing mixed breeding to bring back health.
What We Can Learn
Breed standards can help maintain a breed’s identity but should never come at the cost of health. This requires ongoing review and adjustment based on scientific research and veterinary advice. The Kennel Club’s role is crucial in setting these standards and must evolve accordingly.
As dog lovers, understanding the power of breed standards helps us be better advocates for change and informed consumers.